শনিবার, ১ ডিসেম্বর, ২০১২

PM Cameron opposes press law after hacking scandal

LONDON (Reuters) - British Prime Minister David Cameron said on Thursday that he had serious concerns about legislation to regulate the media, risking a split in his coalition after a damning inquiry triggered by a phone-hacking scandal proposed a press watchdog backed in law.

Opposing a legal foundation to an independent press regulator will delight the British media ahead of the 2015 election but will deepen a divide in Cameron's coalition government and within his own party.

"We should be wary of any legislation that has the potential to infringe free speech and the free press," Cameron told parliament, watched from the chamber's gallery by victims of tabloid newspaper phone-hacking who have campaigned for tougher rules governing Britain's recalcitrant media.

"I'm not convinced at this stage that statute is necessary to achieve Lord Justice Leveson's objectives," Cameron said, referring to the judge who has spent a year investigating the press. "I have some serious concerns and misgivings on this recommendation."

The leader of the opposition Labour Party, Ed Miliband, said he supported a proposal by Leveson to back a new independent press watchdog with legislation.

Leveson said he had no intention of ending three centuries of press freedom but condemned sometimes "outrageous" behavior by the press that had "wreaked havoc with the lives of innocent people".

"The ball moves back into the politicians' court: they must now decide who guards the guardians," Leveson told a news conference in Westminster, opposite the House of Commons.

Leveson's inquiry was ordered by Cameron after public outrage at revelations that reporters at one of Rupert Murdoch's tabloids hacked the phone messages of a 13-year-old murder victim, Milly Dowler.

Leveson said there should be a new independent self-regulatory body, which would be recognized in law, something the press and many within Cameron's own party, including senior ministers, have adamantly opposed as an erosion of press freedom.

Nick Clegg, the leader of the junior Liberal Democrat partners in the coalition government, will deliver his own statement to parliament after Cameron, implying that the two disagree on the way forward.

'TOO CLOSE'

Leveson, whose inquiry laid bare phone-hacking, claims of police bribes and the cozy relationship between top editors and the political elite, said the relationship between politicians and the press was too close.

Leveson warned that the close ties formed between the government and Rupert Murdoch's News Corp over the aborted takeover of BSkyB was concerning and had the potential to jeopardize the $12 billion bid.

But he offered little in the way of direct criticism of individuals, ammunition for those who hoped it would condemn Cameron for his links to Murdoch's media empire

He said there was no credible evidence of bias on the part of senior minister and Cameron ally Jeremy Hunt in his handling of the BSkyB takeover, but said the close ties allowed a perception of favoritism.

Inquiry hearings embarrassed Cameron by exposing his close ties to executives at Murdoch's British newspaper empire, notably former top lieutenant Rebekah Brooks, who is facing criminal action over phone-hacking and other alleged illegal actions.

Cameron, three former prime ministers, senior ministers, press barons including the 81-year-old Murdoch, plus an array of celebrities such as Hollywood actor Hugh Grant were among the 164 witnesses to appear before the inquiry.

(Additional reporting by Tim Castle, Writing by Guy Faulconbridge,; Editing by Giles Elgood)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/british-inquiry-calls-law-underpin-press-body-134857637--finance.html

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Study: Like a tree, growth rings show lobster age

FILE - In this July 2007 file photo a young lobster is seen on Friendship Long Island, Maine. Scientists have now figured out where the growth rings are to determine the age of a lobster. Researchers found that growth rings found in the eyestalk - a stalk with an eyeball on the end connected to the body of lobsters, crabs and shrimp. In lobsters and crabs, the rings are also found in teeth-like structures in their stomachs used to grind up food. (AP Photo/Robert F. Bukaty, File)

FILE - In this July 2007 file photo a young lobster is seen on Friendship Long Island, Maine. Scientists have now figured out where the growth rings are to determine the age of a lobster. Researchers found that growth rings found in the eyestalk - a stalk with an eyeball on the end connected to the body of lobsters, crabs and shrimp. In lobsters and crabs, the rings are also found in teeth-like structures in their stomachs used to grind up food. (AP Photo/Robert F. Bukaty, File)

(AP) ? For the first time, scientists have figured out how to determine the age of a lobster ? by counting its rings, like a tree.

Nobody knows how old lobsters can live to be; some people estimate they live to more than 100.

But knowing ? rather than simply guessing ? their age and that of other shellfish could help scientists better understand the population and assist regulators of the lucrative industry, said Raouf Kilada, a research associate at the University of New Brunswick who was the lead author of a scientific paper documenting the process.

Before now, scientists deduced a lobster's age judging by size and other variables. But it's now known that lobsters and other crustaceans, such as crabs and shrimp, grow one ring per year in hidden-away internal spots, Kilada said.

"Having the age information for any commercial species will definitely improve the stock assessment and ensure sustainability," he said after presenting his findings Thursday at a scientific conference in Portland.

Scientists already could tell a fish's age by counting the growth rings found in a bony part of its inner ear, a shark's age from the rings in its vertebrae and a scallop or clam's age from the rings of its shell.

But crustaceans posed a problem because of the apparent absence of any permanent growth structures. It was thought that when lobsters and other crustaceans molt, they shed all calcified body parts that might record annual growth bands.

For their research, Kilada and five other Canadian researchers took a closer look at lobsters, snow crabs, northern shrimp and sculptured shrimp.

They found that growth rings, in fact, could be found in the eyestalk ? a stalk connected to the body with an eyeball on the end ? of lobsters, crabs and shrimp. In lobsters and crabs, the rings were also found in the so-called "gastric mills," parts of the stomach with three teeth-like structures used to grind up food.

To find the growth bands, the scientists dissected the eyestalks and the gastric mills, cut out sections and viewed them under microscopes.

Lobsters don't lose reproductive capabilities or organ functions or exhibit signs of aging as they get older, but nobody knows for sure how old they can live to be.

"We've thought lobsters could live to 100 years old, and this new aging technique will be a way to document that," said Bob Bayer, executive director of the University of Maine's Lobster Institute.

The paper was published in this month's Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, a well-regarded peer-reviewed scientific journal based in Ottawa, Ontario, that has been published since 1901. Kilada's was one of more than 50 scientific presentations at the conference, attended by more than 100 lobster scientists from the U.S., Canada and Europe.

Bayer agreed that this is the first time scientists have a direct method to place an age on crustaceans.

"Right now we're just guessing at their age," he said.

Kilada said he saw lobster specimens that were 16 or 17 years old during his research. He estimates that there are lobsters 60 or 70 years old living in the wild.

Susan Waddy, a lobster researcher with Canada's Department of Fisheries and Oceans, said she has kept lobsters in her laboratory that are more than 30 years old. She suspects they live to be 40 or 50.

"We know they don't live forever," she said.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/386c25518f464186bf7a2ac026580ce7/Article_2012-11-30-Lobster%20Aging/id-7c05a261b5f3442387f59b50f26f058e

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Boehner Says He & White House In Stalemate - Yeshiva World News

Boehner Says He & White House In Stalemate Over Fiscal Cliff

(Friday, November 30th, 2012)

U.S. House of Representatives Speaker John Boehner on Friday said Republicans and President Barack Obama are locked in a stalemate, a month before a $600 billion ?fiscal cliff? of tax hikes and spending cuts is set to kick in.

?There is a stalemate; let?s not kid ourselves,? said Boehner, speaking to reporters a day after Obama made a budget offer that Republicans called unacceptable.

Obama and Republicans are holding firm in their respective positions, with the biggest sticking point being whether to extend low tax rates on household income above $250,000. Boehner said Republicans still oppose raising tax rates on any income group.

(Reuters)

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Source: http://www.theyeshivaworld.com/?p=147748

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শুক্রবার, ৩০ নভেম্বর, ২০১২

Natrona's Brecken Biggs Named Wyoming Gatorade Football ...

Brecken Biggs - Natrona County QB Named Gatorade Player of the Year
YouTube

In its 28th year of honoring the nation?s best high school athletes, The Gatorade Company, in collaboration with USA TODAY High School Sports, announced Brecken Biggs of Natrona County High School as its 2012-13 Gatorade Wyoming Football Player of the Year.

Biggs is the third Gatorade Wyoming Football Player of the Year to be chosen from Natrona County High School.

The award, which recognizes not only outstanding athletic excellence, but also high standards of academic achievement and exemplary character demonstrated on and off the field, distinguishes Biggs as Wyoming?s best high school football player.

Now a finalist for the prestigious Gatorade National Football Player of the Year award announced in December, Biggs joins an elite alumni association of past state award-winners in 12 sports, including Mark Sanchez (2004-05, Mission Viejo HS, Calif.), Wes Welker (1999-00, Heritage Hall HS, Okla.), Terrell Suggs (1999-00, Hamilton HS, Ariz.), Anquan Boldin (1998-99, Pahokee HS, Fla.) and Jerome Bettis (1989-90, Mackenzie HS, Mich.).

The 6-foot, 175-pound senior quarterback and defensive back led the Mustangs to a 12-0 record and the Class 4A state championship this past season.

Biggs passed for 1,584 yards and 19 touchdowns, completing 115 of 187 passes.

He also rushed for 697 yards and 14 touchdowns on 120 carries, adding eight interceptions on defense.

Biggs was named the Class 4A Offensive Player of the Year.

Biggs has maintained a 3.34 GPA in the classroom.

He has volunteered locally on behalf of a food pantry, the Make-a-Wish Foundation and the Special Olympics.

?Biggs is a very good athlete,? said Jon Vance, head coach at Kelly Walsh High. ?He can run the ball, he passes it efficiently and he made a lot of key plays on defense.?

Biggs remains undecided upon a collegiate destination.

The Gatorade Player of the Year program annually recognizes one winner in the District of Columbia and each of the 50 states that sanction high school football, girls volleyball, boys and girls cross country, boys and girls basketball, boys and girls soccer, baseball, softball, and boys and girls track & field, and awards one National Player of the Year in each sport.

The selection process is administered by the Gatorade high school sports leadership team in partnership with USA TODAY High School Sports, which work with top sport-specific experts and a media advisory board of accomplished, veteran prep sports journalists to determine the state winners in each sport.

Biggs joins recent Gatorade Wyoming Football Players of the Year Jordan Roberts (2011-12, Sheridan High School), Jim Shellenberger (2010-11, Natrona County High School), Austin Woodward (2009-10, Sheridan), Tommy Earl (2008-09, Natrona County High School) and Alex Stratton (2007-08, Cheyenne East) among the state?s list of former award winners.

Watch highlights of the 2012 4A State Championship Game:

Source: http://k2radio.com/brecken-biggs-named-wyoming-gatorade-football-athlete-of-the-year/

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Bloomberg first to deliver China Interbank FX rates globally | FX-MM

Publication date: 29 November 2012

Tagged with: Bloomberg, BNP Paribas, Renminbi

Bloomberg today announced the first global, real-time data service that provides investors access to live interbank pricing for China?s onshore renminbi (CNY) market. This service captures currency trading activity among banks and financial institutions in China, and is provided through the China Foreign Exchange Trade System (CFETS), the official interbank trading and foreign exchange (FX) division of China?s central bank.

Bloomberg logo?The addition of the CFETS data gives investors insights into real-time tick-by-tick movement, volumes and market participant information in China?s onshore interbank market,? said Tod Van Name, Bloomberg?s Global Head of FX, Economics and Commodities. ?Given the rapid internationalisation of the Chinese Yuan, this data is imperative to global markets as it provides our clients greater transparency for smarter and more timely trading, hedging and investment decisions.?

Global currency traders, corporate treasurers and institutional investors can now view executable quotes and trades on the interbank dollar-yuan spot, swap and forward markets. The CFETS data service also features the best renminbi spot prices from participating banks, historical trade sizes, and eight other renminbi currency pairs. Combined with Bloomberg?s FX suite, market participants can connect to global counterparties and liquidity, and access Bloomberg?s global FX trading community.

?The provision of real-time China interbank FX rates to international investors is yet another step in the right direction,? said Sam Phoen, head of global markets, ANZ bank (China). ?Onshore corporations and investors will benefit from real-time executable rates, while offshore players who are invested in China will have better visibility when hedging against movements of the renminbi.?

According to CFETS? publication ChinaMoney, with renminbi cross-border inflows and outflows intensifying in 2012, development of the offshore renminbi market will drive domestic financial market reform, and aid in a fair and transparent price discovery process for renminbi foreign exchange rates.

?BNP Paribas is one of the first international banks to access Bloomberg?s CFETS service,? said Julien Martin, Deputy Head of Fixed Income, BNP Paribas China. ?Offshore players can now access accurate interbank dollar-yuan rates that better reflect market conditions, providing investors with a critical edge in foreign exchange transactions amidst today?s volatile trading environment.?

This announcement follows Bloomberg?s leadership in the evolution of the offshore renminbi (CNH) market, which includes the development and adoption of the CNH code, provision of its price history and introduction of the offshore renminbi bond listing and index.

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Source: http://www.fx-mm.com/20947/news/bloomberg-first-to-deliver-china-interbank-fx-rates-globally/

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Water and ice on Mercury: Ice and organic material may have been carried to planet by passing comets

ScienceDaily (Nov. 29, 2012) ? Mercury, the smallest and innermost planet in our solar system, revolves around the sun in a mere 88 days, making a tight orbit that keeps the planet incredibly toasty. Surface temperatures on Mercury can reach a blistering 800 degrees Fahrenheit -- hot enough to liquefy lead.

Now researchers from NASA, MIT, the University of California at Los Angeles and elsewhere have discovered evidence that the scorching planet may harbor pockets of water ice, along with organic material, in several permanently shadowed craters near Mercury's north pole.

The surprising discovery suggests to scientists that both ice and organic material, such as carbon, may have been deposited on Mercury's surface by impacts from comets or asteroids. Over time, this volatile material could then have migrated to the planet's poles.

"We thought the most exciting finding could be that this really was water ice," says Maria Zuber, the E.A. Griswold Professor of Geophysics in MIT's Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, and a member of the research team. "But the identification of darker, insulating material that may indicate complex organics makes the story even more thrilling."

Zuber and her colleagues published their results this week in the journal Science.

Mounting evidence for ice

The possibility that water ice might exist on Mercury is not new: In the 1990s, radar observations detected bright regions near Mercury's poles that scientists believed could be signs of either water ice or a rough planetary surface. However, the evidence was inconclusive for either scenario.

To get a clearer picture of Mercury's polar regions, Zuber and her colleagues analyzed observations taken by NASA's MESSENGER (MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry and Ranging) mission, a probe that has been orbiting the planet and mapping its topography since April 2011.

Mapping the planet's surface is a challenging task, as the craft must weather the sun's intense radiation, which can "play havoc with electronics," Zuber says. What's more, the probe moves from pole to pole in an elliptical orbit, making for an extremely tricky mapping mission, both dynamically and thermally. Despite these challenges, MESSENGER's onboard laser altimeter has amassed more than 10 laser pulses that have been used to map topography and measure the near-infrared reflectance of the surface.

Last year, researchers analyzed the probe's topographic observations and created a high-resolution map of Mercury; they then overlaid previous radar observations. They found that the bright regions detected in radar lined up with permanently shadowed craters at the planet's north pole -- regions that never see the sun, and which are potentially ideal places for ice to survive. This finding was one more piece of evidence that Mercury might harbor water ice.

Revealing shadows

In this latest analysis of MESSENGER's observations, scientists believe they have found conclusive evidence for water ice on Mercury, although the data was at first puzzling.

The team found that the probe's reflectance measurements, taken via laser altimetry, matched up well with previously mapped radar-bright regions in Mercury's high northern latitudes. Two craters in particular were bright, both in radar and at laser wavelengths, indicating the possible presence of reflective ice. However, just south of these craters, others appeared dark with laser altimetry, but bright in radar.

The observations "threw us off track for a long time," Zuber says, until another team member, David Paige of UCLA, developed a thermal model of the planet. Using MESSENGER observations of Mercury's topography, reflectance and rotational characteristics, the model simulated the sun's illumination of the planet, enabling precise determination of Mercury's temperature at and below the surface.

Results indicated that the unusually bright deposits corresponded to regions where water ice was stable at the surface; in dark regions, ice was stable within a meter of the surface. The dark insulating material is consistent with complex organics that would already be dark but may have been darkened further by the intense radiation at Mercury's surface.

In addition, MESSENGER's neutron spectrometer detected elemental hydrogen in the vicinity of Mercury's north pole. The combination of the compositional, spectral and geometric observations and the thermal models provided a strong, self-consistent explanation for the unusual radar backscatter observations.

Paul Lucey, a professor of geophysics and planetology at the University of Hawaii, points out that MESSENGER has also revealed a number of regions where surfaces were much darker than in previous radar measurements. Lucey interprets these results as possible evidence of receding ice on Mercury's surface.

"This suggests that in the past, ice was more extensive on Mercury, and retreated to its current state," says Lucey, who was not involved in the research. "Even Mercury experiences global warming."

MESSENGER will continue to orbit Mercury, and Zuber says future data may reveal information beyond the planet's surface. "There are still some really good questions to answer about the interior," Zuber says. "I'll tell you, we're not done."

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The original article was written by Jennifer Chu.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal References:

  1. David A. Paige, Matthew A. Siegler, John K. Harmon, Gregory A. Neumann, Erwan M. Mazarico, David E. Smith, Maria T. Zuber, Ellen Harju, Mona L. Delitsky, and Sean C. Solomon. Thermal Stability of Volatiles in the North Polar Region of Mercury. Science, 29 November 2012 DOI: 10.1126/science.1231106
  2. Gregory A. Neumann, John F. Cavanaugh, Xiaoli Sun, Erwan M. Mazarico, David E. Smith, Maria T. Zuber, Dandan Mao, David A. Paige, Sean C. Solomon, Carolyn M. Ernst, and Olivier S. Barnouin. Bright and Dark Polar Deposits on Mercury: Evidence for Surface Volatiles. Science, 29 November 2012 DOI: 10.1126/science.1229764

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/strange_science/~3/dIp6jTJsncs/121129151336.htm

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Do I Really Need to Worry About My Shared File Permissions?

Do I Really Need to Worry About My Shared File Permissions?Dear Lifehacker,
I've followed your guide to building a home server with FreeNAS, but I'm not sure what to do with the permissions on my files. Can I just set them all to 777, or is that insecure? This stuff is like Chinese to me, help!

Sincerely,
Perplexed by Permissions

Dear Perplexed,
You are not alone. In fact, I was pretty confused by file permissions for a long time, but it's actually very simple! Here's why you should care, and how to understand the permissions that keep your files safe.

Note: This is a very large topic, and there's no way we could cover everything here. For now, we're going to focus on UNIX permissions?that is, permissions on Mac, Linux, and FreeBSD systems (like FreeNAS), and start with just the basics. If you're a Windows user, check out our guide to Homegroups for an easier way to share files between computers.

Why File Permissions Matter

You may think a good Wi-Fi password is all you need to keep your data from getting tampered with, but as we've shown you before, it's very easy to hack into a Wi-Fi network. So, even though it's unlikely to happen, you should make sure your files aren't out in the open for anyone to steal?especially if you have more sensitive information on your server (like backups of your computer, which can contain any number of important things).

Furthermore, if you're sharing files within a household, it's important to make sure certain family members can't tamper with files that aren't theirs. You don't want to wake up one day only to find out that your child accidentally deleted everything on your server because it was wide open for him or her to access, or that your not-so-tech-savvy spouse moved around all your movies so your home theater PC can't find your library. A little tweaking can go a long way, and make sure your files are safe from any and all horrible situations.

The Players: Owners, Groups, and the Public

Do I Really Need to Worry About My Shared File Permissions?For all UNIX systems (Mac OS X, Linux, and FreeBSD?which is what FreeNAS uses), permissions work in generally the same way. Each file and folder has an owner and a group assigned to it, which decides who is allowed to access that file. The owner is the only user who can change permissions, and traditionally they have full access to the files (that is, they can read and write). Another group of users may have separate permissions (perhaps they can only read the files), and everyone else may have different permissions (maybe they can't see the files at all).

This allows you to easily dole out permissions to the household. Say you, the owner of the files, want full access, but you don't want the rest of the family to be able to write or delete those files. You, the owner, can have full permissions: you can read it, write to it, and execute it (if it's a program or script). If you want the rest of your family to only read the files, you can assign the group "Family" to those files and give it read-only permissions.

First Things First: Create Users and Groups

Do I Really Need to Worry About My Shared File Permissions?Before you start, you'll want to make sure you actually have users and groups on your system to which you can give these permissions. Usually, this is best done through the Users and Groups setting of your operating system?Linux, OS X, or FreeNAS. Add users for each person in your household, and create any groups you want?like a "family" group?and add the necessary users to that group. For example, if your name is Donald, you'd create a user called donald, as well as a user for your girlfriend daisy and your live-in nephews huey, dewey, and louie. All of those users would be a part of the group family.

How to Change the Owner of a File

The easiest way change permissions is through the command line (as GUI options can often be limited or confusing). Let's take a simple example. I have a folder of movies on my hard drive, located at /mnt/Media. To see who owns those files and what group is assigned to it, I can just run the following two commands:

cd /mnt/Media
ls -l

The first command moves me to that folder, and the second command lists the files in that folder and their details. In my case, it brings up something like this:

heimdall:/mnt/Media# ls -l
total 40
drwxrwxr-x 7 root wheel 512 Aug 9 20:07 Games
drwxrwxr-x 126 root wheel 17920 Nov 10 23:25 Movies
drwxrwxr-x 2 root wheel 2560 Aug 10 23:15 Music Videos
drwxrwxr-x 17 root wheel 1024 Nov 26 20:45 TV Shows

This shows that the owner of each folder is root, and the group assigned to each is wheel (a group reserved for administrators). Let's say I want to be the owner of the file, and I want to give a group (my family) access to those files. To do so, I'd then run chown, which stands for "Change Owner:"

chown -R donald Movies

This changes the owner of the "Movies" folder to the user donald. The -R flag makes it recursive, which means it'll also change the owner for every folder and file within "Movies" (so I also own all my movies, not just the folder they're in). To make sure it worked properly, you can always run ls -l again to see:

heimdall:/mnt/Media# ls -l
total 40
drwxrwxr-x 7 root wheel 512 Aug 9 20:07 Games
drwxrwxr-x 126 donald wheel 17920 Nov 10 23:25 Movies
drwxrwxr-x 2 root wheel 2560 Aug 10 23:15 Music Videos
drwxrwxr-x 17 root wheel 1024 Nov 26 20:45 TV Shows

Repeat this process for any other folders you want to own.

How to Change the Group Associated with a File

Changing the group is similar to changing the owner. Let's say I wanted to assign my family group to all of my movies (so my family could watch these movies on their own computers). To do so, I'd run the following command:

chgrp -R family Movies

This command changes the group of the Movies folder and its contents to family. Again, repeat this process for all other folders you want them to access.

The Permissions: Read, Write, and Execute

The players are only the first half of the equation. The next thing you need to worry about are the actual permissions. For a given file or folder, you have three things to worry about:

  • What the owner of the file can do with it
  • What its group can do with it
  • What the public can do with it

Let's go back to our example of the movies folder. If we go back and ls -l to see those files, we're given this output:

heimdall:/mnt/Media# ls -l
total 40
drwxrwxr-x 7 donald family 512 Aug 9 20:07 Games
drwxrwxr-x 126 donald family 17920 Nov 10 23:25 Movies
drwxrwxr-x 2 donald family 2560 Aug 10 23:15 Music Videos
drwxrwxr-x 17 donald family 1024 Nov 26 20:45 TV Shows

See that drwxrwxr-x gibberish on the right? That's actually the list of permissions for each folder. d means the file is a directory. After that, the first three letters (rwx) are what the owner can do with that file. The second three letters show what the group can do, and the last three letters show what the public can do. r gives read permissions, w gives write permissions, and x gives execute permissions (which only really applies to programs and scripts). A dash (-) indicates that a certain permission has not been given.

So, in the above case, these files can be read and written to by donald and family (rwxrwx) , but only read by the public (r-x). We probably want to change that, since we don't want the family to write to the files, and don't want the public to see anything at all. So, we can change those permissions by running:

chmod -R 740 Movies

This changes those permissions to drwxr-----, meaning the owner can do anything (rwx), the group family can read files (r--), and the public can do nothing (---).

So how did we come up with the number 740? Each digit represents one of the players: the owner, the group, and the public. The permissions create the digits like this:

r=4, w=2, x=1, and rwx=7

Since we wanted the owner to do everything, the first digit becomes a 7. The group can only read, which is 4, and the public can do nothing, which is 0. Thus, we give the file permission "740." Make sense? If we wanted the group to be able to write and execute, but not the public, we'd instead run:

chmod -R 770 Movies

It all depends on what you want to do. Repeat this process for the other files and folders you want to tweak, and you'll be well on your way to a safer, more secure set of shared files.

Sincerely,
Lifehacker

Source: http://feeds.gawker.com/~r/lifehacker/full/~3/2pX026wq88k/do-i-really-need-to-worry-about-my-shared-file-permissions

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